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Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Author -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Emiliana, Elena, and Ling Raise Citizens in New York City -- 2. The Hidden Face of New York: Undocumented Immigrant Parents' Routes to the City -- 3. Life Under the Radar: Legal and Illegal Authorities and Public Programs -- 4. Documentation Status and Social Ties: The Households, Networks, and Organizations in the Lives of Undocumented Parents and Their Children -- 5. The Worst Jobs in Urban America: Undocumented Working Parents in the New York Economy -- 6. How Parents' Undocumented Status Matters for Children's Early Learning -- 7. Providing Access to the American Dream for the Children of Undocumented Parents -- Appendix: Overview of Study Design and Methods -- Notes -- References -- Index.

Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction: Raising Children Where Work Has Disappeared / Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Thomas S. Weisner, and Edward D. Lowe -- Part I. Experiences of Low-Wage Work -- Chapter 2. Pathways Through Low-Wage Work / Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Edward D. Lowe, Thomas S. Weisner, JoAnn Hsueh, Noemí Enchautegui-de-Jesús, Anna Gassman-Pines, Erin B. Godfrey, Eboni C. Howard, Rashmita S. Mistry, and Amanda L. Roy

AbstractRelational theories of human development explain how stereotypes and their underlying ideologies thwart social connections that are fundamental for individuals to thrive, especially in early adolescence. Intervention research to address this crisis of connection is still emergent and active listening is one promising strategy to this end; however, its efficacy has not been examined in part because no validated measures of active listening for this population exist. This validation study is the first to examine whether the behavioral dimensions of one form of active listening can be captured using a coding scheme to assess adolescents' engagement in a live interviewing task (N = 293). Importantly, the measure was developed within the context of a theory‐driven intervention to train adolescents in transformative curiosity and listening to enhance connection. Findings indicate that two dimensions underlie the measure as hypothesized, open‐ended questions and follow‐up questions, with acceptable internal consistency. The measure is sensitive to change in adolescents' questioning skills before and after the intervention. Further, asking follow‐up questions was positively related to empathy and also predicted a respondent's perception of their interviewer as a good listener. The effect for asking open‐ended questions was moderated by dyad‐level tendencies to elicit disclosure from others. The current measure not only examines question asking as a more nuanced behavioral dimension of active listening than previous measures, it is also the first to do so among a sample of early adolescents. The measure will be useful in assessing active listening interventions' efficacy to address the crisis of connection.

AbstractThis chapter considers how large‐scale economic change in urban China affects youth development and outlines developmental mechanisms and labor‐market moderators.

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> For mothers in high-income country contexts, infant feeding represents one of the most fundamental and challenging aspects of the transition to parenthood. We present a specific theoretical model, based on life course theory principles, to explicate how the maternal ecology influences breastfeeding behaviors throughout the early parenting years. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Core concepts and suppositions draw from a review of extant theories for the development of infant feeding behaviors, including intraindividual models of health behavior and bioecological models of human development. We highlight where the model has strong evidentiary support and where there are gaps in the literature. <b><i>Results:</i></b> This review shows how life course theory has been used to describe the <i>consequences</i> of infant feeding behaviors, but has yet to be fully applied to the <i>causes</i> of those behaviors. The natural extension of life course theory to include these constructs and relationships will extend the field of breastfeeding research. Breastfeeding intervention could also be strengthened with more recognition of the life course factors that represent understudied, and thus underutilized, levers for intervention. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Given its focus on personal history in a larger historical and ecological context, life course theory is well suited to framing discussions around the causes and consequences of breastfeeding.

Introduction : raising children where work has disappeared / Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Thomas S. Weisner, and Edward D. Lowe -- Pathways through low-wage work / Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Edward D. Lowe, Thomas S. Weisner, JoAnn Hsueh, Noemí Enchautegui-de-Jesús, Anna Gassman-Pines, Erin B. Godfrey, Eboni C. Howard, Rashmita S. Mistry, and Amanda L. Roy -- Do pathways through low-wage work matter for children's development / Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Edward D. Lowe, Johannes M. Bos, Thomas S. Weisner, Valentina Nikulina, and JoAnn Hsueh -- Job quality among low-income mothers : experiences and associations with children's development / Noemí Enchautegui-de-Jesús, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, and Vonnie C. McLoyd -- Mothers at work in a 24-7 economy : exploring implications for family and child well-being / JoAnn Hsueh -- Discrimination in the low-wage workplace : the unspoken barrier to employment / Amanda L. Roy, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, and Sandra Nay -- "I want what everybody wants" : goals, values, and work in the lives of New Hope families / Thomas S. Weisner, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Edward D. Lowe, and Faye Carter -- What earnings and income buy : the "basics" plus "a little extra" : implications for family and child well-being /Rashmita S. Mistry and Edward D. Lowe -- Can money buy you love? : dynamic employment characteristics, the New Hope project, and entry into marriage / Anna Gassman-Pines, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, and Sandra Nay -- Child care and low-wage employment / Edward D. Lowe and Thomas S. Weisner -- The informal social support, well-being, and employment pathways of low-income mothers / Eboni C. Howard -- Do formal work support services work? : experiences of the New Hope project and the Wisconsin Works programs / Erin B. Godfrey and Hirokazu Yoshikawa -- Summary and policy implications : improving the world of work for low-income parents and their children / Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Anna Gassman-Pines, Thomas S. Weisner, and Edward D. Lowe.

In the United States, 5.3 million children and adolescents are growing up either with unauthorized status or with at least one parent who has that status. Until recently, little in the way of research has informed federal, state, and local policy debates related to unauthorized status (e.g., border enforcement, deportation, and a pathway to citizenship) although these issues have important implications for youth development. This statement is a brief summary of the research evidence on multiple domains of development that may be affected by the child or parent's unauthorized status. We also describe the contextual and psychological mechanisms that may link this status to developmental outcomes. We summarize a range of policies and practices that could reduce the developmental harm to children, youth, and their families stemming from this status. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for policy, practice, and research that are based on the evidence reviewed.